o Practice phrased reading ex. "over the hill" or "show it to me" (see examples fcrr.org)
Promote Phrased Reading in Class
Fluency involves reading phrases seamlessly, as opposed to word by word. To help students read phrases better, begin with a terrific poem. Two of my student examples are "Something Told the Wild Geese" by Rachel Field, and "Noodles" by Janet Wong. After selecting a poem, write its lines onto sentence strips, which serve as cue cards, to show students how good readers cluster portions of text rather than saying each word separately. Hold up strips one at a time and have students read the phrases together. Reinforce phrased reading by using the same poem in guided reading and pointing to passages you read as a class.
Create a Poetry Notebook of amiliar poems to read and reread whole group or individually
o Choral Reading- When a group does choral reading the teacher usually chooses a poem for them to read. He or she provides a large copy of the poem that everyone is able to see. The teacher than chooses a part of the poem, such as, the chorus that everyone can read. She begins reading the poem several times. When students are able to read lines of the poem independently, she can begin to assign the other lines of the poem to students to read. Using choral reading you can model reading with expression by reading dramatically.
Echo Reading- As you read a phrase or sentence from a text, the student repeats it. As he/she listens to you and imitates you, he/she will be able to add more expression to his voice. Echoing a skilled reader helps children gain confidence in reading aloud. A poem would be great to use! This method can be used before choral reading, and then followed by having the student read the text independently.
o Use Assisted Reading- With assisted reading, the teacher reads a text several times and the students begin to read along with the teacher as they become familiar with the text. Each time the teacher reads the text, the students usually become more familiar and join in more. The eventual goal is that they can read the text independently. Recorded Materials- In tape-assisted reading, students read along in their books as they hear a fluent reader read the book on an audiotape. Choose a selection that would interest the child and that is not too long or difficult.
Paired Readings- The student reads aloud in tandem with an accomplished reader. At a student signal, the helping reader stops reading, while the student continues on. When the student commits a reading error, the helping reader resumes reading in tandem.
o Buddy Reading Using the same premise as mentioned on the Reading in "Repeated Readings", students can receive feedback and guidance reading appropriate text with their peers. One student plays the "reader" and the other is the "listener". The teacher sets a timer for a desired amount of time and after the first trial, the listener provides feedback to the reader. After the second and third trials, the listener is responsible for checking off the reading behaviors that the reader demonstrated. NOTE: This reading fluency activity must be explicitly modeled by the teacher before students can do this independently. (See Daily 5 for Suggestions)
o Read to a Buddy Class or pair older student with younger student to build confidence
If a student struggles with oral reading fluency (speed, accuracy, expression, phrasing, prosody (rhythm, tempo, stress, pitch and loudness)
o Model differences between word by word reading and fluent phrasing
o Model a variety of intonations and reading rates
o Model what it means to "read" punctuation marks appropriately
o Provide reading models
TumbleBooks -See your LRC for password
Storyline Online-May want to have a copy of the book, no words
Speakaboos
Read to Me
Online Storytime by Barnes & Noble Need a copy of the book, no words
Robert Munsch Books-Need a copy of the book, no words
Frank Asch-animated books
Preschool Library-Story Place
National Geographic Young Explorer
Learning A to Z
o Practice phrased reading ex. "over the hill" or "show it to me" (see examples fcrr.org)
Promote Phrased Reading in Class
Fluency involves reading phrases seamlessly, as opposed to word by word. To help students read phrases better, begin with a terrific poem. Two of my student examples are "Something Told the Wild Geese" by Rachel Field, and "Noodles" by Janet Wong. After selecting a poem, write its lines onto sentence strips, which serve as cue cards, to show students how good readers cluster portions of text rather than saying each word separately. Hold up strips one at a time and have students read the phrases together. Reinforce phrased reading by using the same poem in guided reading and pointing to passages you read as a class.
o Push a bookmark across the text from left to right to encourage faster eye movement across the page
o Re-arrange cut-up sentences in many ways to stress intonation
o Provide opportunities for Repeated Readings
- Use iPods/ipads to recored
- Six-Minute Solution
- RAZ kids
- Create a Poetry Notebook of amiliar poems to read and reread whole group or individually
- o Choral Reading- When a group does choral reading the teacher usually chooses a poem for them to read. He or she provides a large copy of the poem that everyone is able to see. The teacher than chooses a part of the poem, such as, the chorus that everyone can read. She begins reading the poem several times. When students are able to read lines of the poem independently, she can begin to assign the other lines of the poem to students to read. Using choral reading you can model reading with expression by reading dramatically.
- Echo Reading- As you read a phrase or sentence from a text, the student repeats it. As he/she listens to you and imitates you, he/she will be able to add more expression to his voice. Echoing a skilled reader helps children gain confidence in reading aloud. A poem would be great to use! This method can be used before choral reading, and then followed by having the student read the text independently.
- o Use Assisted Reading- With assisted reading, the teacher reads a text several times and the students begin to read along with the teacher as they become familiar with the text. Each time the teacher reads the text, the students usually become more familiar and join in more. The eventual goal is that they can read the text independently. Recorded Materials- In tape-assisted reading, students read along in their books as they hear a fluent reader read the book on an audiotape. Choose a selection that would interest the child and that is not too long or difficult.
- Paired Readings- The student reads aloud in tandem with an accomplished reader. At a student signal, the helping reader stops reading, while the student continues on. When the student commits a reading error, the helping reader resumes reading in tandem.
- Use Reader's Theatre
Aaron Shepard WebsiteUse Songs and Music, Nursery Rhymes, or Poetry
Teaching Heart Reader's Theater
The Reading Lady
Other Reader's Theater Scripts
Short plays that might be used to get young children comfortable with Readers Theatre Zoom Playhouse
Have Fun Teaching 1st-3rd grade Green Eggs and Ham, Henry and Mudge, If You Take a Mouse to School, 3 Little Pigs & 3 Billy Goats Gruff.
Rasinski's Suggestions/Links
Reader's Theater scripts based on popular books
Rasinski's Favorite Books Lists some books that can be used for Reader's Theater or to increase fluency.
The Best Class Scripts
Brave Irene, Click Clack Moo.., The Little Red Hen, The 3 Little Wolves & the Big Bad Pig, Miss Nelson is Missing, and Stone Soup
Brave Irene
The Stinky Cheese Man
o Buddy Reading Using the same premise as mentioned on the Reading in "Repeated Readings", students can receive feedback and guidance reading appropriate text with their peers. One student plays the "reader" and the other is the "listener". The teacher sets a timer for a desired amount of time and after the first trial, the listener provides feedback to the reader. After the second and third trials, the listener is responsible for checking off the reading behaviors that the reader demonstrated. NOTE: This reading fluency activity must be explicitly modeled by the teacher before students can do this independently. (See Daily 5 for Suggestions)
o Read to a Buddy Class or pair older student with younger student to build confidence
o Learn Fry Phrases
Language to Praise or Validate Appropriate Literacy Behaviors
- I like the way that you made each word match with your finger.
- You went back and fixed the tricky part, didn't you? Good checking!
- You were really thinking when you let the word , which you know, help you with the word __. Great job! That's what good readers do.
Helpful WebsiteFluency Suggestions Website